Rome and Paris: Two Great Vacation Destinations! Essay -- Summer Vaca

Have you ever had the feeling that you just want to get extraneous from where you ar or a situation you are in? When people start to feel this way they often decide to go on a vacation. Then they face a conclusiveness, Where do I want to go? There are some factors that may contribute to this decision, such as the amount of time that can be taken off from work or other obligations, how frequently money there is to spend on this trip, is this the best time, and much more. Deciding where to go is a big decision that should be given a commodious deal of thought and non rushed into. Two great options if someone has the time, money, and interest would be Rome or capital of France. These are good options because of the great people to learn about from each city, the great places to visit, and of course the delectable food that can be found.Rome and Paris are both known for their historical significance, not only the events but the people too. The two destinations excite b een well known for being root to many great people. The locations have both had important leaders such as Caesar Augustus in Rome. Adele Evans in DK witness Travel Guide Rome says that Michaelangelo is a truly well-known sculptor, painter, and poet from Rome. He is known for his work on the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel and his sculpture called the Piet (18). In the allow Italy, by Jean Valbonne she mentions that Rome has also been home to others such as the painter Raphael who painted some popular Madonna paintings. The city may not be what it is today without a man named Bramante who began his race as a painter and later became the lead architect of the Vatican which is a separate country that is at bottom of Rome (91). Many well-known artists have deal from Rome and other important ... ... many aspects to think about when making any trip, but when a break is needed it is best to take it so as to not get too stressed.Works CitedBrennan, Ethel, and Sara Remington. Par is to Provence Childhood Memories of Food & France. Kansas City, MO Andrews McMeel, 2013. Print.Evans, Adele. Rome. smart York Penguin, 2012. Print. Eyewitness Travel Guides.McLachlan, Angela. French in the chief(a) Classroom Ideas and Resources for the Non-linguist Teacher. London Continuum International, 2008. Print.Steves, Rick, Steve Smith, and Gene Openshaw. Rick Steves Paris 2014. N.p. Avalon Travel, 2013. Print.Rick Steves Ser. Time taboo Guides Ltd. Time Out Paris. Ed. Peterjon Cresswell. N.p. Time Out Guides, 2005. Print.Valbonne, Jean. Italy. Geneve Minerva, 1973. Print.Vankat, Julie. Rome Experience. knell interview. 8 Nov. 2013. Rome and Paris Two Great Vacation Destinations Essay -- Summer VacaHave you ever had the feeling that you just want to get away from where you are or a situation you are in? When people start to feel this way they often decide to go on a vacation. Then they face a decision, Where do I want to go? There are many factors that may contribute to this decision, such as the amount of time that can be taken away from work or other obligations, how much money there is to spend on this trip, is this the best time, and much more. Deciding where to go is a big decision that should be given a great deal of thought and not rushed into. Two great options if someone has the time, money, and interest would be Rome or Paris. These are good options because of the great people to learn about from each city, the great places to visit, and of course the delicious food that can be found.Rome and Paris are both known for their historical significance, not only the events but the people too. The two destinations have been well known for being home to many great people. The locations have both had important leaders such as Caesar Augustus in Rome. Adele Evans in DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Rome says that Michaelangelo is a very well-known sculptor, painter, and poet from Rome. He is known for his work on the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel and his sculpture called the Piet (18). In the book Italy, by Jean Valbonne she mentions that Rome has also been home to others such as the painter Raphael who painted some popular Madonna paintings. The city may not be what it is today without a man named Bramante who began his career as a painter and later became the lead architect of the Vatican which is a separate country that is inside of Rome (91). Many well-known artists have come from Rome and other important ... ... many aspects to think about when making any trip, but when a break is needed it is best to take it so as to not get too stressed.Works CitedBrennan, Ethel, and Sara Remington. Paris to Provence Childhood Memories of Food & France. Kansas City, MO Andrews McMeel, 2013. Print.Evans, Adele. Rome. New York Penguin, 2012. Print. Eyewitness Travel Guides.McLachlan, Angela. French in the Primary Classroom Ideas and Resources for the Non-linguist Teacher. London Continuum International, 2008. Prin t.Steves, Rick, Steve Smith, and Gene Openshaw. Rick Steves Paris 2014. N.p. Avalon Travel, 2013. Print.Rick Steves Ser. Time Out Guides Ltd. Time Out Paris. Ed. Peterjon Cresswell. N.p. Time Out Guides, 2005. Print.Valbonne, Jean. Italy. Geneve Minerva, 1973. Print.Vankat, Julie. Rome Experience. Telephone interview. 8 Nov. 2013.

Divine Comedy - St.Augustine in Dante’s Inferno :: Divine Comedy Inferno Essays

St.Augustine in the Inferno It is hard to place St. Augustine within just one of the levels of Dantes hell for his sins were varied and non great. Today many of his sins are commonplace. For example, most people attempt to better their own lives without regard of others. They attempt to increase their standard of living and gain more worldly possessions. They are neither good nor evil but are just trying to make a living and keep up in todays fend-for-yourself society. Before Augustines conversion, this was his goal. He was continually searching for honors, money, (and) marriage (Confessions, 991). This allows Augustine to be placed in the first area of hell, the Vestibule. It is a place for opportunists such as Augustine was before his conversion. It is a place for the nearly mortalless. . . who were neither for God nor Satan, but only for themselves (Inferno, 1295). Augustine neer intentionally hurt anyone, but his actions were led by his instincts to succeed and gain pr aise. These actions included kissing up to the Emperor, his study of law and the art of persuasion, and the mocking of newcomers to his profession. Since to each one of these sins also falls within a different realm of Dantes hell, they will be discussed later in this paper. The second level of Dantes hell, Limbo, does not apply to Augustine because he was baptized and was blessed with the knowledge of Jesus Christs existence. Therefore, Augustine can not be placed within this first rotary converter of hell. The second circle of hell, a realm for those who fell victim of their carnal desires, is another level at which to place Augustines soul for he was consumed by lust in his pre-conversion days. He was encouraged by his family to learn the art of persuasion and making of fine speech when he was only sixteen. He use these skills, which he developed very well, along with his good looks to seduce as many women as possible. It was in that sixteenth year of my life in this world , when the furore of lust. . . took complete control of me, and I surrendered to it (Confessions, 987). He was in love with being in love. Yet, he was unable to discern between love and lust. His carnal desires overpowered his soul for the majority of his life.

Therapy, Not Punishment Essay -- Crime Consequences Essays

Therapy, Not PunishmentProblems with crime have always been a concern to society. There are many different ideas about what causes it and so far more ideas about how to stop it. Dr. Karl Menninger believes that our current prison house system is not adequately addressing the motivation behind crime. In his article Therapy, Not Punishment, Menninger says of the doddery prison system, In its place should go a quiet, dignified, therapeutic program (544). He sets forth the claim of policy that criminals need to be treated with professional therapy. I dont think an introduction could be more clear than this.Menningers ideas are directed toward a wide audience of generally law-abiding citizens. This article premier appeared in Harpers Magazine, a general-interest magazine that provides collections of essays and fiction. The type of person who would read a magazine such as this would probably be an educated person who is interest in the affairs of the world around them. Menninger revea ls his impression of the audience in his introduction, where he says, And from these offenses the average citizen, including the reader, is deterred by quite different restraints (537). Armed with this vision of his audience, he presents his argument in a logical, authoritative tone that invites the reader to make the inevitable conclusion that Menninger is right.Menninger begins to support his claim of policy by demonstrating the failures of the present punishable system. He states, Today it is no secret that our official, prison-threat theory of crime control is an utter failure (537). He illustrates this assertion by pointing out that in England when discharge picking was punishable by hanging, pickpockets targeted the crowd that gathered to witness ... ... a solution to crime. This method prepares the reader well for Menningers proposals.This logical progression through his views of the prison system is a large part of Menningers clear, understandable tone. By keeping to his t opic and remaining organized, Menninger contributes to his own credibility. He also draws credibility from his credentials and a good deal refers to the psychiatric community as we. Menninger wraps up his argument just as logically as it began by saying that society must make arrogant moves to rehabilitate criminals. His logical style and expertise provide an effective argument and reveal a well-planned solution to a serious problem.Cedric probably needed to diagnose that Menninger is often sarcastic and insults his opposition at least once. It is important to comment on what isnt working for a writer as well as what he does that is effective.

Achilles :: essays research papers

In the modern world, people, as a society, have always given themselves a finishing or goals that they would like to attain at some point during their lifetime. Many people seek to attain riches, love, happiness or high stature at bottom society. When we people set that goal, we t closure to mold our lifestyles around it. As people work throughout their lives to achieve this ultimate goal, it becomes apparent to others what it is we are working so hard for. Just as this pattern is evident in modern society, it can also be seen in the times of Homer, particularly in the broad Greek epic, the Iliad. This distinct pattern can be seen in Achilles, one of the most vital characters in the story. Achilles, being the ultimate most powerful warrior of every(prenominal) time, wishes for nothing in his life but to be the most glorious man alive, mortal or immortal. It is this profound desire for glory and honor, that in the end leads to his demise. Achilles speech, given while he is distra ught over the death of his closest friend Patroklos, is an excellent example of Achilles&8217 desire (Iliad, 18.79). Patroklos is slayed by Hektor, the Trojans greatest warrior and Achilles&8217 main rival. Hektor, takes the equip (given to him by Achilles&8217) off of his dead body, and puts it on himself. Hektor is described as &8220riding around in all its glory. After word of Patroklos&8217 death, the Achaians are intensely dejected. To denominate just how disheartened the Greeks are, Homer describes the men as lamenting.&8220(Then sighing heavily)&8230 my dear companion has perished, Patroklos, whom I loved beyond all other companions, as advantageously as my own life&8230Thetis spoke to him, letting tears fall (377, Iliad, 18.78).It can be sensed that, although in deep mourning for his lost friend, Achilles is just as well upset because he sensed a slight degree of failure. &8220Now, since I am not going back to the beloved land of my fathers, since I was no light of safety to Patroklos, nor to my other companions&8230(378, Iliad, 18.101).This failure in the sense that, Achilles being the greatest warrior in all the land able to kill hordes of men at will, was incapable of saving the person that mattered the most to him. This insecurity is the source of Achilles &8220duty to exact revenge upon Hektor, the assassin of Patroklos. Achilles makes the decision to kill Hektor in spite of the fact that his chance will be to die.

Irony in Sophocles Oedipus the King Essays -- Oedipus Rex Essays

Irony in Sophocles Oedipus In the play Oedipus, irony is used frequently as and as eloquently by Sophocles to the reveal theme of seeking knowledge. Not knowing the King of Thebes, Oedipus, gives speeches on finding the murderer of the King of Laias and how wretched the poor realm will be when the truth is revealed. Then once more I must bring what is dark to light, whoever killed King Laios might- who knows?-might decide at either moment to kill me as well. By avenging the murder of the King, I protect myself, (Sophocles 1109). The speech shows how dedicated Oedipus in the pursuit of the murderer and not only the revenge of the King but to save himself. He will not be saving but adding down to his life. Oedipus doesnt realize he is in pursuit of himself. He continues his speech Moreover If anyone knows the murderer to be foreign, Let him not keep silent he shall have his reward from him, ( 1112). With his own words he asks for the truth. still he cant handle the truth, for he h as no idea what he is asking for or for whom he is searching for. He also states that he wants t...

Irony in Sophocles Oedipus the King Essays -- Oedipus Rex Essays

Irony in Sophocles Oedipus In the play Oedipus, irony is used much as and as eloquently by Sophocles to the reveal theme of seeking knowledge. Not knowing the King of Thebes, Oedipus, gives speeches on finding the murderer of the King of Laias and how detestable the poor soil will be when the truth is revealed. Then once more I must bring what is dark to light, whoever killed King Laios might- who knows?-might sink at any moment to kill me as well. By avenging the murder of the King, I protect myself, (Sophocles 1109). The speech shows how dedicated Oedipus in the pursuit of the murderer and not only the avenge of the King but to save himself. He will not be saving but adding down to his life. Oedipus doesnt realize he is in pursuit of himself. He continues his speech Moreover If anyone knows the murderer to be foreign, Let him not keep silent he shall have his reward from him, ( 1112). With his own linguistic process he asks for the truth. But he cant handle the truth, for he h as no idea what he is asking for or for whom he is searching for. He also states that he wants t...

Lesson 8 Key Question Essay

To begin Viewing and critiquing King Lear Act III scene ii, Directed by Richard Ouzounian, scripted by William Shakespeare, I noniced that overall the production is good, but there are some weaknesses that could be better if a smallish afford apply and similarly, there are strength that gives the production good features. I watch the scene and I found out that the strengths and weakness of the production are evenly analyzable. First I would like to critique the weaknesses in the production in my point of view, the scene decoration, characters costumes and the severity of storm could be better if a little more than afford appliedby blowing up some stuff like leaves, sticks or show the wind whaling wildly and dancing like tornedo and excessively dressing Lear in most Kings interesting costumes. Also the character that plays the role of King Lear could be older than the current character be endeavor he is not old enough to stir up audience emotional.In addition, if the character o f spud bertried in thinner guy than current one, it would be more suitable because usually when you imaging a fool, you can see a very quick little guy. Soundly, in the production there are strengths as well such as intonation, pausing, emphasis, volume, facial expression, and body language. The character of King Lear by applying above techniques used to convey and show relationships between himself, fool, Kent, God and his spot of madness.For example, when he says, Blow winds, and crack your cheeks (III ii 5) he is look up ward to the sky and it conveys that he is talking to his Lord. Or in other point, he gives hugs and kisses fool Come on, my boy. How dost, my boy? Art cold? Which show his new understanding of poor world and his relationship with them. His Voice volume emphasises that he is seek to keep his sanity. He takes pausing by holding his knees, which shows how the real storm groaning insight him mind and he exposes himself to the weather which show that because of hi s insight pain he does not feel the outer pain. His restless movement is convincing the audience of his downfall realization.Therefore, by fetching inconsideration the above elements, I think this production is consisting of some(prenominal)weakness and strength, which overall made convention.Support question 11characters Scene ivEdgar (poor Tom) I used to be an honorable devoted servant who curling his hair, wore his mistresss glove in his hat as a token of her affection, and slept with his mistress whenever she wanted. I swore oaths with every other word out of my mouth, and bust the oaths shamelessly. I used to dream of having sex and wake up to do it. I loved wine and gambling, and had more women than a Turkish sultan keeps in his harem. I was disloyal and violent.. Summary Edgars speeches show the temperament of life in the current fallen state if Lear universe. King Lear O Regan, Goneril, Your old mannequin father, whose frank heart gave allOh, that way madness lies. / Let me shun that.Summary even dough Lears unexpected and sudden downfall brought him to the statue of dementia he tries and straggles to stay saint. What, has his daughters brought him to this pass?Couldst thou save nothing? Wouldst thou give em all?(60)Summary Lear correctly realized his mistake that cause his downfall and he says this to Edgar in very unconscious situation, which shows that he still sees the world in a distorted lens.is man no more than this?.Thou owst the dirt ball no silk, the beast no/ hide, the sheep no wool, the cat no perfume (105-107)Summary Lear is curiously asks the basic question about mans true nature as who are we really? He has a new vision of humanity. fool This cold night will turn us all to fools and madmen.(78-79)Summary fools speech suggests thatlife may never redeem Lear may have to endure a fallen state permanently.prithee, Nuncle, be contented, tis a full-bodied/ night to swim in (112-113)Summary the fool advice Lear to stay warm, othersmar t he may literally get cold and die in a bill night. characters Scene viEdgar (poor Tom) When we our betters see bearing our woes,/We scarcely think our miseries our foes./. How light and portable my pain seems now/.. Which makes me bend makes the king bow. / When false opinion, whose wrong opinion defiles thee, / In thy just proof repeals and reconciles thee.. (110-115)Summary By watching the kings downfall, Edgar got the courage and power to fight for his right and against those who victimize him.Tom will pull in his head at them.Avaunt, you curs /Tooth that poisons if it bite,/Mastiff, greyhound, mongrel grim,/Tom will chase them off.Go away, you mongrels/Whether you bite to kill,/Mastiff, greyhound, or ugly mutt, (65) Summary Edgar will survive by taking his and Lears revenge from their enemies and it doesnt matter for Edgar that how much their enemies are powerful, and dangerous. King Lear Ill see their trial first. Bring in the evidence./(to EDGAR)Thou robd man of justice, take thy place./(to FOOL) And thou, his yoke-fellow of equity,Bench by his side./(to KENT) You are o th commission./Sit you too.(35-40)Summary showing that a wise king should follow the trial, conference with his wise advisersread carefully and then issue it. So that be able to judge fairly and stay stable and avoid downfall. Tray, Blanch, and Sweetheartsee, they bark at me.Look at the three little dogs, Tray, Blanch, and Sweetheartall barking at me.60-65 fool No, hes a yeoman that has a gentleman to his son, for hes a mad yeoman that sees his son a gentleman before him. (10-15)Summary fool is continuing to remind King Lear of his folly while sending the gist to the audiencethe Elizabethan was smart that she did not give her power to any gentleman before she is achieved her distinction.

School Curriculum

Language is the organized speech employ as our means of communication. It is a differentiated system as used by a section of human race. A flash diction is learned after the bugger off tongue. It is an advantage to speak several linguistic communications since we atomic number 18 associated to multi-cultural environment, a preparation to orientation and exposure to variety of rows in the workplace. A punt language contributes to the preservation of different cultural identity within a unified society and the medium of steering of worldwide scope in education, business and different professions.Studies show that bilingual children score higher(prenominal) on convertible tests than those who speak only one language. In fact, school-age childs who retain studied a foreign or certify language for four or more years scored higher than students who had studied other subject for the same number of years. Finally, students who have studied four years of foreign or second langu age scored higher in mathematics than students who had taken four years of Math (Cook 45). Acquiring fluency and eloquence of a second language must be through in several yet systematic stages.The basis of language such as sound, vocabulary, grammar, enunciation and so on must be rigidly developed. thither must be a larn situation which is generally applicable to learners of different source language backgrounds. The ideal time to start teaching method is in childhood w presentin a child offer learn up to five different languages if a child is commonly exposed to this, commonly the language used in the household regularly. Children and adolescents respond more readily by means of cognitive and academic approaches. So each age range would seem to have pros and cons with regards to language learnedness.If on educational, political and philosophical grounds children atomic number 18 to be introduced to second languages based on psychological affects, it can non be the only consi deration. Age is not certainly the individual factor in language learning. Cognitive factors, style, personality, attitudes and motivation play a vital role in this complex question of second language learning. Correction of grammatical and enunciation errors does not have a direct influence on learning a second language. However instruction whitethorn affect the rate of learning but will undergo the same stages.Children and adolescents who know the systematic way of learning the second language comprehends alacritous than those who do not (White 354-356). Learners of the second language have knowledge that goes beyond the input they received in other words the whole is greater than the parts. Learners are able to construct utterances of phrases, sentences and questions that they have never seen or heard before. Furthermore children and adolescents who have limited input still acquire the first kinda than the second language. Bilingual education should be repaired not replaced.It helps provide long periods of total side of meat immersion as well as opportunities to interact with native speakers. there are several teaching modes that will help primary and secondary students learn a second language. The immersion training of which where regular hours are played out in schools in studying the language, taking a distinct language subject, the grammar translation method and the direct method. In the grammar translation a method student are instructed in grammar and are provided vocabulary with direct translations to memorize and was predominant in Europe in the 19th century.Today most instructors acknowledge the infectivity of the method itself and for written languages also. The teaching of grammar consists of a process of training in the rules of a language which must make it possible to the students to correctly express their opinion, to understand the remarks which are addressed to them and to analyze the text which they read. The objective is that after p rimary and secondary, the pupil controls the tool of the language which are the vocabulary, grammar and the orthography. By this time a pupil can be able to read, understand and texts in various contexts (Mangubhai 156-158).The teaching of grammar examines the texts and has developed the awareness of language constitutes a system which can be analyzed. This knowledge is acquired little by little by traversing facts of language syntactic mechanism, going from simplicity to complexity. The teacher is supposed to correct the exercises so that the pupil can follow his progress in practicing the language through comparison of results. The direct method, sometimes also called essential method, is a method that refrains from using the learners native language and just uses the target language.It was established in Germany and France around 1900. The direct method operates on the idea that second language learning must be an imitation of first language learning, as this is the natural way humans learn any language a child never relies on another language to learn its first language, and thus the mother tongue is not necessary to learn a foreign language. This method places great stress on correct pronunciation and the target language from outset. It advocates teaching of oral skills at the expense of every traditional aim of language teaching.According to this method, printed language and text must be kept away from second language learner for as long as possible, just as a first language learner does not use printed word until he has good grasp of speech. Learning of writing and spelling should be delayed until after the printed word has been introduced, and grammar and translation should also be avoided because this would involve the application of the learners first language. All above items must be avoided because they hinder the acquisition of a good oral proficiency.India with its huge population and apparent new boom for English learning as mentioned by Gupt a (12-18) is also a large beacon of English learning. Just these two countries alone and their appetites for English education give us a new sense of the increased diversity of language ownership something Phan Le Ha (456-458) touches on in her article on the internationalization of the language and non-natives increasing critical role in teaching, development and learning. It signals the reality that those learning English will be significantly entered around or originating from Asia.Therefore educators need evermore to recognize the importance and distinctive context based needs of those requiring education in English outside the traditional native speaker contexts. This is not inherently contradictory with those with persistent arguments that many general principles of acquisition should be understood and appropriately applied by educators within their distinctive classroom settings and communities. call on the carpet (144-149) in her article on reviewing the evolution of syllab i in Singaporean English education, indicates that the single centred approach to a syllabus may be ebbing, increasingly substituted by a more eclectic one.Whether this experience will be replicated in other countries in the region, may be difficult to exactly say. It may be that we are in a period of the end of methods. But like others in different social sciences who harkened the end of ideology, it may be more discreet to view change as largely evolutionary with recurring ebbs and flows depending upon the current contextual streams of challenges. However, the attractiveness of task based learning relates not only to the enumerated benefits. It provides rather a useful practice that that can be applied across many approaches, as well as boundaries.Task based learning may provide an enduring legacy that meets the test of time. It may also provide a curricular and syllabus framework of flexibility that logically students and teachers will be drawn to even if it need not be the cent ral leitmotif for certain places. For example, tasks could include, completing a grammar bingo game after a unfitting analysis, grammar-translation based presentation. Subsequently, task based communicative teaching practices could be supported to incorporate the appropriate grammar into developing two way oral skills through an oppugn exercise.Again, the task approach does not deny that in some Asian classes -or anywhere in the world for that matter- that certain traditional approaches need to have their day. instead it is especially supportive of an integrated approach, or even where the needs of the learner may be solely communicative. However, again task selection and development is the disclose to better ensure specific needs are met. In doing this, the educator needs to be conscious of principles and aspects of acquisition.In this respect Ellis (203-206) has so well summarized here with authority and clarity the general understanding in the profession on instructed languag e learning. We are further faced with the fact that the true task of learning a second language in the many EFL environments that Asian learners find themselves are removed from a lot of naturalistic, non-classroom, English speaking settings. such(prenominal) an understanding of these realities and the principles that surround realistic classroom learning can be of service to classroom teachers wondering what methods, approaches and practices to choose at a specific time.It reminds us of the value of the extensive reading programmes to which Helgesen (514-516) alludes can be so useful for Asian learners where they are limited in their accessibility to communicative English in a natural environment. Teachers in such contexts may need to be reminded, at times to extend the task work outside the classroom with proper(a) direction that permits students to develop independent learning skills that facilitate students to do the extensive work necessary to gain fluency.In cultures where top down approaches are in the main, instructors be they native teachers or not, need to be cognizant of these realities and limitations. We can not simply, for example, put all learners on the Internet or through CALL, thrill our hands and say go to it. Again learning context, as related to acquisition can be highly relevant, which Ellis (256-258) would seem to imply. The process of language learning can be very stressful, and the impact of positive or negative attitudes from the surrounding society can be critical.One aspect that has received busy attention is the relationship of sexuality roles to language achievement. Studies across legion(predicate) cultures have shown that women, on the whole, enjoy an advantage over men. Some have proposed that this is linked to gender roles. Doman (511-512) notes in a journal devoted to issues of Cultural affects on SLA, Questions abound about what defines SLA, how far its borders extend, and what the attributions and contributions of its r esearch are. Thus, there is a great amount of heterogeneousness in the entire conceptualization of SLA.Some researchers tend to ignore certain aspects of the field, while others scrutinize those same aspects piece by piece. Community attitudes toward the language existence learned can also have a profound impact on SLA. Where the community has a broadly negative view of the target language and its speakers, or a negative view of its relation to them, learning is typically much more difficult. This finding has been confirmed by research in numerous contexts. A widely-cited example is the difficulty faced by Navajo children in learning English as a second language.

Learning as a Process and as a Product Essay

When you ask people what do they think about learning? They only think in the final result. Isnt to important to comprehend what that rightfully means, and how big and important is the functioning. It is to simple to analyze what we have been learn before just making us the question If we really remember what we learned? But no everyone think in learning as a demonstrate. How do we learned that? If it was difficult?Its the same learning as a process and as a product? training is the end product of some process. But when is learning a product? Learning as a product is when a person knows completely and totally that he/she dominates the association, but also he/she have been qualify to do that knowledge what it means that he/she not just know the theory but also have the experience. The final product of the learning may show the cogency or level of each student and let the teacher know who guides more practice in a specific area.It depends on what they were functional on, but it doesnt mean that they are going to tell you or notice that the student really acquires the knowledge or the skill or if they need a more advanced or lower level to do the activities. Wich it means that learning as a product is the goal that the learning process must have. Learning as a process will be the behavior changes of certain experiences that people have had. Learning as a process goes further than learning as a product, because in one what it matters is the final result, and in another one what it matters is how was it?Its not the same if I learned something just memorizing without practice. Besides If a learn something with theory and practice my final result its going to be better. Its to important the process in which each person learned, because that will ensure you that you really understand and dominate what people taught you. Thats why everyone should recognize the difference between learning as a product and as a process.

Pablo Picaso “Olga”

The portrait of Olga is a naturalistic depiction of Picassos wife. I think that the missing arm chair, the wickedness, the darkness, and the paleness of Olga are a sign from Picasso that their relationship was not always so good. I assume this because from the site http//www. sapergalleries. com/PicassoWomen. html I found that their marriage had its ups and downs and they were two different people. This painting is well painted. It gives me a feeling that Olga was present when Picasso painted this portrait. This woman is beautiful and I think that Picasso would paint his wife beautifully.The imperfections in the Olga portrait remind me of Picassos first Cubism painting, Les Demoiselles dAvignon because of the shadow in the back ground that does not seem to fit Olgas shape. If you look at the Cubism painting Picasso uses a lot of shadow and fuzzy lines in the back ground behind the women. I believe that when you look at the Olga painting long enough you can tell that is was not mean t to be a perfect portrait of his wife therefore I believe that it is more of a cubist painting. That is very interesting because I thinking that is looked as if the painting was done in person.Now that I know that he painted Olga from a photograph of her does not change my mind that the piece reflects the cubism paintings. In the other painting the women that Picasso pained the women look distorted and not human like. I believe that these women probably were not painted by picture scarcely by imagination and emotion of Pablo Picasso. All in all, I believe that Picasso had a talent of portraying women in many different ways. His work is absorbing and very different than a lot of other artists work.

Baseball Versus Lacrosse

Base egg Versus Lacrosse Baseball is a sport that is known around the world. Lacrosse is not as popular, but it is still a fun game to play. Although baseball and lacrosse are precise different they have some similarities. Baseball is a really fun game to play. While acting the sport the idea is to hit the ball and score a run the more runs you score the better. Baseball is a nine build game, one inning is when a team hits and plays in the field. When contend baseball try to hit the baseball on offense and on defense try to catch the ball or tag the person out.I know this sounds hard but after a while it gets easier and more fun to play. Baseball and lacrosse have some(prenominal) similarities. Baseball and Lacrosse both involve sleuthing and throwing. These two sports both use a round ball that is thrown to a spouse. These two sports are very fun to play. Lacrosse is a very fun game to play. When playing this sport the idea of this game is to try to score points by throwing the ball into the net. Lacrosse is a 60 minute game, two fifteen minute halfs. While playing this game use the stick and try to throw the ball to a teammate to score or shoot the ball into the net.This game is very dangerous but fun. Baseball and lacrosse have many similarities. Baseball and Lacrosse both involve catching and throwing. These two sports both use a round ball that is thrown to a teammate. These two sports are very fun to play. Baseball and lacrosse are very similar and different. They both involve catching and throwing, but they are played very different. I like baseball more than lacrosse because I have been playing baseball since I was a kid. These two sports are very similar and different

Virgin Mobile Case Analysis

perfect(a) runny has strategically shaped its marketing mix to appropriately patsy the smaller demographic. First, lets look at its the product element. The young demographic is more open to new things akin textual matter messaging, downloading information from their phones, ring tones, faceplates, graphics, having access to fashionable entertainment on their phone, and so on For younger people, phones are less of a tool and more of a fashion accessory or personal statement.To appeal to these needs, Virgin agile created VirginXtras, which postulate the delivery of normal content, features, and entertainment. They signed an exclusive, multi-year content and marketing agreement with MTV ne dickensrks to deliver medical specialty, games, and other such content to Virgin Mobile subscribers. Consumers have access to mark accessories and phones, graphics, ring tones, text alerts, and voice mail.In addition to the MTV-branded content, Virgin Mobile also included the followi ng VirginXtras text messaging, online real-time billion, rescue ring (a prearranged hunt call such as to avoid a bad date), wake up calls, fun audio clips, a hit list of top 10 songs in which subscribers fundament listen to and vote for, a music messenger that allows subscribers to shoot a message to their friends so that they listen to a song, and a icon application that provides descriptions, memorialize times, and ticket purchases in advance. All of these features appeal to the youth market, and generate additional usage and loyalty.Next lets look at the elements of placement and distri providedion. Virgin Mobile pick out a channel strategy that was more closely aligned to its mark-market segment. They decided to distribute their products in channels where youth shop, which means places desire Target, Sam Goody, music stores, and Best Buy. These are the stores that kids usually buy consumer electronic products, such as CD players and MP3 players. Virgin Mobile decided to p ackage their products in similar consumer electronics promotion so it would be familiar to these consumers.They created a clear, see through package where consumers can examine the phone without a gross revenueperson portion them and purchase it like they would any other consumer electronics product they would normally buy. Virgin made a contract with the handset manufacturer Kyocera from which it buys diametric phone models with different features and functions. The first two basic models were bundled with interchangeable faceplates that would be decorated with eye-catching colors and patterns, bundled into a bright red starter pack.This starter pack would be easily unmistakable on mountainous point-of-sale displays, and available at all of the popular retailers that the younger demographic shops at. The younger demographic doesnt deprivation to be hassled with sales people and extra obstacles in purchasing a phone. They want fashionable, accessible, easily located, and conve niently located products. That is the exact aim Virgin Mobile was going for in its placement and distribution strategy. Another important element of the marketing mix is promotion. Virgin mobile had a much tighter focus and narrower target market than that of their competitors.This meant that they could target the youth demographic in a more direct, efficient, and less-cluttered way. As generally noted, the younger generation is more responsive to advertisement that is up-to-date, modern, fun, and repairs to the young and hip berth of their generation. Since younger consumers often view their phone as a personal statement, it was important for Virgin Mobile to reach this personal and juvenile side. They devised an advertising that the attach to described as quirky, offbeat, and completely different. The ads featured teens and made use of strange, quirky metaphors. They named their phone models Party Animal and Super Model to relate to pop enculturation and the younger generatio ns lifestyle. Virgin Mobile used this unique promotional strategy to stand out from the rest of throng and truly entertain a statement to the younger demographic with ads that are not boring and run-of-the-mill. They were a lot more unique, creative, and entertainingall attributes that younger consumers value. Furthermore, the company worked with popular youth magazines to publish advertorial pieces.Virgin Mobile also executed numerous high-profile street marketing events that featured paid performersdancers and gymnasts dressed in red from walk to toewho engaged in various stunts. Perhaps the most famous and attention grabbing promotional stint was for the launch of the Virgin Mobile USA service. The design of The Full Montya popular Broadway showappeared with Sir Richard Branson (Virgin founder) dangling from a building in NYC Time Square wearing nothing but a large Virgin Mobile red phone. It is events and promotional stints like these that truly reach out the younger aged c onsumersbold, exciting, modern, and fun.Virgin Mobile eggshell AnalysisVirgin Mobile has strategically shaped its marketing mix to appropriately target the younger demographic. First, lets look at its the product element. The younger demographic is more open to new things like text messaging, downloading information from their phones, ring tones, faceplates, graphics, having access to popular entertainment on their phone, etc. For younger people, phones are less of a tool and more of a fashion accessory or personal statement.To appeal to these needs, Virgin Mobile created VirginXtras, which involve the delivery of popular content, features, and entertainment. They signed an exclusive, multi-year content and marketing agreement with MTV networks to deliver music, games, and other such content to Virgin Mobile subscribers. Consumers have access to branded accessories and phones, graphics, ring tones, text alerts, and voice mail.In addition to the MTV-branded content, Virgin Mobile al so included the following VirginXtras text messaging, online real-time billion, rescue ring (a prearranged escape call such as to avoid a bad date), wake up calls, fun audio clips, a hit list of top 10 songs in which subscribers can listen to and vote for, a music messenger that allows subscribers to shoot a message to their friends so that they listen to a song, and a movie application that provides descriptions, show times, and ticket purchases in advance. All of these features appeal to the youth market, and generate additional usage and loyalty.Next lets look at the elements of placement and distribution. Virgin Mobile adopted a channel strategy that was more closely aligned to its target-market segment. They decided to distribute their products in channels where youth shop, which means places like Target, Sam Goody, music stores, and Best Buy. These are the stores that kids usually buy consumer electronic products, such as CD players and MP3 players. Virgin Mobile decided to pa ckage their products in similar consumer electronics packaging so it would be familiar to these consumers.They created a clear, see through package where consumers can examine the phone without a salesperson helping them and purchase it like they would any other consumer electronics product they would normally buy. Virgin made a contract with the handset manufacturer Kyocera from which it buys different phone models with different features and functions. The first two basic models were bundled with interchangeable faceplates that would be decorated with eye-catching colors and patterns, bundled into a bright red starter pack.This starter pack would be easily visible on large point-of-sale displays, and available at all of the popular retailers that the younger demographic shops at. The younger demographic doesnt want to be hassled with sales people and extra obstacles in purchasing a phone. They want fashionable, accessible, easily located, and conveniently located products. That is the exact aim Virgin Mobile was going for in its placement and distribution strategy. Another important element of the marketing mix is promotion. Virgin mobile had a much tighter focus and narrower target market than that of their competitors.This meant that they could target the youth demographic in a more direct, efficient, and less-cluttered way. As generally noted, the younger generation is more responsive to advertisement that is up-to-date, modern, fun, and relates to the young and hip attitude of their generation. Since younger consumers often view their phone as a personal statement, it was important for Virgin Mobile to reach this personal and youthful side. They devised an advertising that the company described as quirky, offbeat, and completely different. The ads featured teens and made use of strange, quirky metaphors. They named their phone models Party Animal and Super Model to relate to pop culture and the younger generations lifestyle. Virgin Mobile used this uniqu e promotional strategy to stand out from the rest of crowd and truly make a statement to the younger demographic with ads that are not boring and run-of-the-mill. They were a lot more unique, creative, and entertainingall attributes that younger consumers value. Furthermore, the company worked with popular youth magazines to publish advertorial pieces.Virgin Mobile also executed numerous high-profile street marketing events that featured paid performersdancers and gymnasts dressed in red from head to toewho engaged in various stunts. Perhaps the most famous and attention grabbing promotional stint was for the launch of the Virgin Mobile USA service. The cast of The Full Montya popular Broadway showappeared with Sir Richard Branson (Virgin founder) dangling from a building in NYC Time Square wearing nothing but a large Virgin Mobile red phone. It is events and promotional stints like these that truly reach out the younger aged consumersbold, exciting, modern, and fun.

The Internal and External business environment of BBA Aviation plc

This report is about BBA aura plc. The report will identify the companys goals and objectives precisely will particularly focus its attention on the Ch entirelyenges the company face both in its Internal and External Business Environment. The report will also cover both PEST and elevate abridgment to determine threats, opportunities and weaknesses and the role of the companys Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) will also be examined. Factors such(prenominal) as the Porters five forces and the be spaciousings of labyrinthianness will also be examined to better identify this Ch solelyenges faced by the company whilst the Dimension of complexness will give a cle ber nature regarding the Complexity of the companys Environment at which it operates.Haven discovered these challenges the Mckinseys7S framework will monitor if t here ar any changes within the cheek that will subscribe a change in its operations. BBA Aviation is a Global company which operates in 220 locations worldw ide but sole(prenominal) its operations in the UK will be examined in this report. However, keep upn tell so there ar other(a) factors such as the International and European Law that governs its operations. These also includes The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). There are also National restrictions and legislation from the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and the division for transport. IntroductionBBA Aviation plc is an atmosphere goods company that offers aftermarket services, flight curb and system activities to the commercial and profession aviation markets. Also, it offers the services to regional airline,military and commercial aviation operators, including fixed based operator (FBO) services, such as grand handling, fuelling, turbine engine repair, aviation component and overhaul, hydraulic system and landing gear. (The times 2006) The companys operations are segmented into two business operation videli cet Flight support and Aftermarket services and systems. The flight support segment of the company engages in ground handling, offering refuelling, crew, passenger amenities, office rentals and hanger. (BBA Aviation, 2012)After services and systems business segments of the company engages in manufactures and supports engines and aerospace component, sub-systems and systems. The segment also comprises of engine repair and overhaul, legacy support and AP precision hydraulics (APPH). The railway locomotive repair and Overhaul segment is the Leading mugwump cowcatcher Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), the Signature Flight Support segment is the worlds largest and market-leading fixed based operator (FBO) network. The companys Aircraft Service International conclave (ASIG) is the worlds leading independent refueller. (BBA Aviation, 2012) BBAAviation is headquartered in London. The company employees are estimated at over 12,000 at over 220 locations on 5 continents where its operations ar e performed. The company operates in twelve locations airports in the UK, Seven in England, quadruple in Scotland and one in wales (BBA Aviation, 2012) Porters five competitive forces modelThreat of New Entrants (Low)BBA Aviation plc operates in market segments that affirm relatively high roadblocks to immersion in the fixed based operator (FBO) business. However, it is possible to have more than one fixed based operator (FBO) operator at major business aviation airports, the airport landlord will still be cautious of issuing too many leases for fear of diluting its own returns from selling the leases. (Westhouse, 2010) Another aspect of the barrier to get into is the Non- monetary considerations which also have an influence. Signatures brand strength and quality service reputation make it much more difficult for impairment-driven competitors to enter and build repeatable volumes/market share.If end users were truly price-sensitive, they would not be using orphic aviation in t he first place, this is to say end users do not switch to a cheaper alternative as the market itself is capital intensive and has noroom for cheaper alternatives. Also, tight credit markets reduce the risk of parvenue entrants being successful at present, wherefore the smaller companies are falling plus they struggle with the fund needed to create any threat in the market. (Westhouse, 2010)Another deterrent to ingress is the strong emphasis on safety and aircraft to remain legally airworthy in the aviation industry set by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), the Civil Aviation Authority and the Department for transport. The restrictions from this organisations acts as a barrier to entry by untriedborn companies without established track records. (Westhouse, 2010) Bargaining power of suppliers (High)Signatures Flight Support main operating cost is aviation fuel, which it sells on to its private jet operator clients wit h a mark-up. Although, Signatures Flight Support has little bargaining power, the cost is a pass through. Whereas, on the Maintenance, Repair & trading operations (MRO) side of the business, the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) do wield signifi targett power in terms of their ability to dictate who can sire licences to conduct charge work on their engines, given the strict safety and airworthiness regulations. (Westhouse, 2010)Given the depth psychology on the porters five, it is clear that threat of substitute is low. Also, the aviation market has a high train of barrier to entry and its also a high capital intensive market. The main challenge for Managers and leaders given the analysis overhead would be to main an already gained market share and provide a positive employee engagement by a way of particular and germane(predicate) job-related pedagogy and personal support. (BBA Aviation 2012) PESTEL AnalysisPolitical and regulatory factors (Law) (Threats)Safe and depend able transport is essential to the UK society and the thriftiness. (Department for Transport, 2012) Haven to meet the standard set by the aviation regulations, BBA Aviation ensures the companys operations, meets and exceeds the regulations facing its Customers, these customers includes regional airlines, business aviation, military and commercial aviation operators. (Relevant, 2012) The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) uses a commix of Domestic, European and international legislation to protect consumers.Theselegislations personas from the minimum safety standards set by the International Civil aviation organisation (ICAO), to EC legislation protect passengers rights, also including the European legislation on safety and the domestic regulation on the use of airspace. (CAA, 2012) The legislations are not limited but also, include the safety of Customers, Aircrafts and its Airworthiness, Airlines and its flight standards, Airport and Airspace. (EASA, 2008) Overall, this is a threat t o the company and they could lose their operating license should they fail to meet these regulations, whence employees ask to be better informed and trained in their individual roles. Economic factors (Weaknesses)The great challenge managers/leaders face in this context is the ability not to have the power to escort or manipulate the stinting factor such as the Interest rate and exchange rate. Exchange rate volatility is likely to continue to lead to some volatility in sterling profits, with most of the BBA Aviation earnings (and be) in US dollars. (Westhouse, 2010)Foreign Exchange RiskBBA root has significant overseas businesses whose revenues, assets, cash flows and liabilities are mainly denominated in the currency in which the operations are located. BBA Aviation root words policy in congress to foreign exchange translation risk is not to hedge the income statement since such hedges only have a short effect. In relation to the balance sheet, the BBA convention seeks to denominate the currency of its borrowings in US dollars in order to match the currency of its earnings, cash flows and assets which are principally denominated in US dollars. (BBA Aviation, 2012)Financial Risk FactorsThe assemblys activities expose them to a variety of financial risks market risk (including interest rate and currency risk), liquidity risk and credit risk. Overall the Group risk centering policies and procedures focus on the uncertainty of financial markets and seek to minimise and manage potential financial risks through the use of derivative financial instruments. BBA Aviation does not undertake speculative transactions for which there is no underlying financial exposure. (BBA Aviation, 2012)Under policies approved by the Board of Directors of BBA Aviation plc, risk management is carried out by a central treasury department. This department identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close co-operation with the Groups subsidiaries. The treasury policies cover specific areas such as interest rate risk, credit risk, foreign exchange risk, use of derivative financial instruments and the investment of excess liquidity. (BBA Aviation, 2012)Social and Environmental factor (Opportunity)BBA Group has benefited from the increment population (demography) trend in the United Kingdom, increased holiday makers and Migration into the country has also increased its Groups revenue (Mark Easton, BBC NEWS, 2010) In light of this growth, the drive for aviation services thus increase, which makes BBA Group to expand in its operations. The expansion brings about employee information and fosterage to accommodate these changes, it also enables its customers to respond effectively and expeditiously to meet the new aviation demand.(Source BBC NEWS, 2010)Current migration figures shows a surprising and high increase in the number of people from different nationals, ethnics, gender and age migrating to Britain, not only by foreign workers or family reunio n cases, but also by a big rise in the number of students coming to the United Kingdom. (Easton, M. BBC NEWS, 2010) other reasons for migration to the United Kingdom includes Business, Tourist, Holiday makers and also Political. Hence, the demand for inflow and outflow on aviation services in the United Kingdom seats on a rising trend. (Mark Easton, BBC NEWS, 2010)The more temporary hours generated by its customers the commercial, business, military and regional airlines the more beneficial this is to BBA Aviation. Haven said so, when a lower fuel price was taken into account in 2009, signature flight support revenue dropped 26%. (BBC NEWS, 2010) (Mark Easton, BBC NEWS, 2010)Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)BBA Aviation focuses on delivering a long-term and sustainable valuate that integrates a continuous utility and reliability, thus, embedding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in its vision. Health and Safety, Employee, Environment and Community are BBA Aviation plcs cardinal key area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). (BBA Aviation, 2012)Technological factors (Strength)Considering the strict safety restriction in the aviation industry Technological innovation is at its highest level with zero tolerance for error. BBA Aviation brandished its strength with the launch of the First support gist. BBA Aviation Engine Repair and Overhaul (ERO) unveiled its First Support globose technical operations centre. The centre utilizes integrated satellite based tracking to deliver ultra-fast and efficient response to Aircraft on Ground (AOG). (Aviationpros, 2010) BBA Aviation believes this is a gritty changer for the engine support industry First Support utilizes a highly integrated real-time system that can identify locations of field service technicians, mobile response vehicles, rental engines, and tooling at any given moment, any time of the day, around the United Kingdom and anywhere in the world. (Flightglobal, 2010)The support centre has the a bility to track the precise status of every field service job as well as the availability of the companys assets and personnel. It can also monitor air and land based traffic as well as the impact of airport delays and weather. Given an example when a customer calls with an Aircraft on Ground (AOG) issue, the company can rapidly deploy solutions via the most efficient routes and means. BBA Aviation industry leading services enables them to deliver a step-function improvement over existing engine support services. (Flightglobal, 2010)The centre is supplyed by highly skilled field service technical managers who are expert on all engine product lines serviced by. Staffing also includes quality assurance, engineering, and logistics personnel. (Flightglobal, 2010) The Group also introduce the Aqua-save system that helps reduce the litres of waste water generated, this waste water are born-again to new coolant or water that can be use for floor cleaning operations, whilst reducing oper able cost and improveenvironmental procedure. (MWP Advanced Manufacturing, 2010) Dimension of complexity1. The environment at which the organisation operates is very complex. There are heavy penalty that could affect the organisation should they under perform in their operations. These regulations are set nationally by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Other complexity includes the unpredictable changing demand in the Aviation industry, critical political sympathies policies, laws, regulations, taxes, interest. (Wensveen, J 2010) 2. BBA Group operations are Routine and Non-Routine. This also depends on the sector. Operation that requires baggage handling and de-icing are Routine, whilst the operation that providing landing gear, engine maintenance, allows of engine parts are non-routine. 3. BBA Group is diversified following its operations. The group is segmented into Aftermarket services and systemsLegacy Support Leading supplier of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) licens ed legacy products. AP Precision hydraulics (APPH) Niche landing gear and associated hydraulic equipment provider. Providing integrated logistics support for landing gear and hydraulic systems Engine Repair & Overhaul Leading independent Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) authorised engine Repair Company. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Flight Support Aircraft Service International Group (ASIG) The leading independent refueller Signature flight support Largest leading fixed base operation (FBO) i.e. Ground handling. (BBA Aviation, 2013)4. BBA Aviation group generates more revenue by the more flying time clocked by its customers. (BBC NEWS, 2010) The operating environment has made its operation hostile by refusing the government to expand airports in the United Kingdom, the nations economy will benefits from these expansions in the long-run if plans are passed for approval. But there have been challenges from the environmental advocates and frequent resistance which has objected to the expan sion plans and the creation of new run -ways. (The Guardian, 2013) electric chair of the Gatwick celestial sphere Conservation CampaignBrendon Sewill said When people begin to realise what is likely to hit them, there will be a tidal wave of public resistance. He said there was no need for any new cart track in the South East Stansted Airport was less than half full, new larger aircraft were coming into use and there was equal airport capacity to last until 2050. (BBC NEWS, 2013) BAA Aviation proposed a short a second runway at Gatwick, extra runway at Heathrow, and two extra runways at Stansted.It said the first runway should be built as soon as possible, with land safeguarded at two other sites for future development. But it said the option of a 9bn new airport at Cliffe in north Kent should be excluded from the governments final expansion scheme. While local residents and green groups will welcome the possible scrapping of the Cliffe plan, campaigners in Heathrow, Stansted and Gatwick reacted with dismay to BAAs statement. (The Guardian, 2013)Given the analysis above, there are little challenges from competitors as the barrier to entry is high. However, there are Environmental Challenges, Social challenges, Community Challenges and Political Challenges. But the Groups biggest challenge is its Operational Improvement. BBA Aviation Chairman announced that the Group continue to invest in its employees and their development and made some changes to their organisational management structure at the beginning of 2013 to accelerate its growth and operational improvement programme. (BBA Aviation, 2013)The Group believes that with high operational improvement it can strive to reduce environmental impact through the more efficient use of resources, go on innovative developments in technologies that support its business objectives and can offer environmental, community and social benefits. (BBA Aviation, 2013)McKinseys 7S frame-work StructureBBA Aviation is divided into Two major Group namely Flight Support and Aftermarket services and system. There are also just division into the major groups. This idea is to decentralise the Groups operations to the appropriate organisation with relevant skills needed to carry out to each one and every specific task. All of these groups work under the umbrella of BBA Aviation plc. The creation of these groups divides task and further provide coordination. It decentralises to focus on its individual area of specialisation and centralise to achieve the Groups sole aims, goals and objectives.Strategy BAA Aviation divided its outline into four sections Vision, Goal, Value and keystone performance indicator. VisionBBA Aviations vision and overriding objective of growing exceptional long-term sustainable value for all stakeholders is shared by all Group operations which are individually and collectively focused on continuously improving market-leading and innovative businesses, workings together for greater gain through improved co-ordination and co-operation and being an employer of choice for empowered individuals in a safe and sustainable environment. (BBA Aviation, 2013) ValuesBBA Aviation plc employees are also unified around a common set of values these values are a vital and integral part of the way the Group do business. (BBA Aviation, 2013) GoalsEach year BBA Groups Executive Management Committee sets a series of short and medium-term specific and measurable goals. These goals are thusly cascaded throughout the Group. Each Groups business has actions aligned to the achievement of each of the short and medium-term goals and the execution of those actions is actively monitored by Groups management. (BBA Aviation, 2013) Key Performance IndicatorsThe successful execution of BBA Aviations strategy is expected to be value creative for shareholders. Key Performance Indicators (KPI) is used to monitor fare and any challenges faced within the Group. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Systems The Gr oup decentralizes its operational system, given the decentralize nature of its business. Given this approach the procedure are different group differs, hence introducing the system of internal control that helps to identify risks and challenges faced by leaders and management.BBA Aviationinternal control is essentially an ongoing process embedded in the Groups businesses for identifying, evaluating and managing the significant risks faced by the Group, including social, ethical and environmental risk. The Group considers that it has adequate information to identify and assess significant risks and opportunities affecting its long and short term value. The Groups system is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve its business objectives. The internal control system can provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss to the extent that is appropriate, taking account of costs and benefits. (BBA Aviation, 2013)StyleBusin ess operations within the Group are routine and non-routine. Certain elements of the business are designed to accommodate the routine aspect of the group. The style here can be said to be flexible as there are specific way of carrying out its operations, changes in style would be said to be low. However, the style at the non-routine aspect of the Groups operation will change from time to time given the uncertainty in the operations of its business. As the operation at the non-routine level can sometimes not be determined this will mean the style will always have a shift to accommodate any present situation.StaffBBA Aviation is committed to investing in and empowering its staff through training and education and to providing them with opportunities for respecting careers. The Group provide each of its employees with specific and relevant job-related training and personal support while, at Group level, BBA Aviation develop programmes for example leadership and general skills training that can be implemented across all sites.The Company provides employees with various opportunities to obtain information on matters of concern to them and to improve their awareness of the financial and economic factors that affect the performance of the Company. These include all hands briefings, staff forums and meetings with trade unions that take place throughout the year. In 2012 a number of communication initiatives have been launched to foster effective two-way communicationaround the organisation. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Skill BBA Aviation is highly skilled in all area of it operations. The Groups strategy is to acquire a company that specialises in a given area of the Aviation business rather than founding a total new company for that specific area. The level of its operational skill is identified below Flight SupportAircraft Service International Group (ASIG) Is the leading independent refueller. Signature flight support Is the largest leading fixed base operation (FBO) for e xample Ground handling. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Aftermarket services and systems Legacy Support Is the leading supplier of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) licensed legacy products. Engine Repair & Overhaul Is the leading independent Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) authorised engine Repair Company. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Super-ordinate GoalsBBA Aviation uses a range of key performance indicators (KPI), allied to the BBA Aviation vision and mission, to monitor the Groups progress against the goals set to support the delivery of our overarching objective to grow exceptional, long-term, sustainable value for all stakeholders. To acquire the Groups super-ordinate goals, BBA Aviation set up a remuneration policy. This policy is intended to ensure that the remuneration of executive directors and other senior executives correctly reflects their duties and responsibilities and is sufficient to attract, retain and motivate high calibre senior management capable collectively of deliverin g the goals of the Company. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Haven critically gone through the companys PEST Analysis, SWOT Analysis, Porters five forces, Complexity of Dimension, Corporate Social Responsibility and Mckensies 7S frame work. It is clear that the BBA Aviation is at a stable cruising leading presage in the Aviation industry and their biggest challenge is the Operational Improvement to sustain this leadership position. For this to be achieved the employees need to undergo training events to understand the companys vision, goals, aims, objectives and also to understand the internal and external challenges, hence empowering them with the understand of what is expected of them both as an individual or a group of teams.The Harrisons breeding wheel (eight-stage process) will be a better tool for employees to understand the companys vision and challenges. The step-by-step process will equip the employees to a better understanding on how to achieve the skills and experience needed in oth er to be a partaker of the vision and to combat these challenges faced by the company.Training refers to the acquisition of specific skills and knowledge that will enable an employee to perform their job effectively. Relatively, staff development concerns activities that are directed to the future needs of the employee, which may themselves be derived from the future needs of the organisation. (Palmer, A & Hartley, B)Harrisons teaching wheel (The eight-stage process) Establish needsThis is to ascertain the individual, team, group or even management that needs training to better enhance them with the training needed to understand the companys vision and challenges. Agree on purpose and objectives for the nurture eventHaving to understand the employee that needs the training process, it will be important for these employees to know the purpose and objective of the training. The training is usually based on the employee to understand the immediate challenges faced by the company. Ide ntify profile of intended populationIt is vital that the pedigree of the employee has to be established. The intrinsic and extrinsic profile of the employee has to be understood and a motivational reward to be put in place to incentivise the employee. Agree on strategy and the delivery of the learning eventA strategy on how to deliver the learning event should be made flexible. Planning and control process have to be monitored in the event where funding may have come from other group of the company. Select learner cohort and produce detailed specification for the learning event At the point leaders and manager would select employee that they come back is deemed necessary to attend the learning event given the challenges faced in their department. Finalise strategy and design the learning eventOnes these employees have been selected a proper strategy on how the learning will be passed on will then be drawn. After this process, a transformation will then be expected of these employee s after haven to complete the training process. The finalisation of the training process will then hand the employee the skills and knowledge to better performance hence reducing the challenges faced by the company. Monitor and evaluate the changeThe evaluation process is a tool for leaders and managers to ascertain what has worked and what has not worked after the learning process. The evaluation process helps leaders and managers to tackle the remains of the challenges. Evaluation technique that will assist leaders and managers to acquire the learning outcome will range from interviews, questionnaires, briefings, practical test, written test and even the observation of behaviour will confirm an employee engagement. Haven gone through these techniques it will be clear to leaders and managers where lapses can be foreseen and a possible remedy to tackle the remains of the challenges uncovered after the evaluation technique process.ConclusionThe operations of BBA Aviation plc are comp lex at the industry at which it operates. Given this complexity, their main challenge is Operational Improvement. The company in its response created specific job related training for staff at different level. The training focuses more on staff training and staff development. The Group involve their employees personally in these efforts and invest in new technologies, equipment and training and development programmes where the Group believe they can make a difference.The Group businesses have much in common and plenty to learn from each other and the Group encourage working together, sharing ideas and good practices.BBA Aviation plc is the leading aviation service provider in the United Kingdom compared to its competitors namely Goodrich Corporation, Mercury Air Group, Inc. and TIMCO Aviation Services Inc. BAA Aviation doesnt make the planes, but it does keep them flying. (BBA Aviation, 2013)

Guns, schools and criminal minds Essay

Due to a massive shootings events in the last years, we, the commonwealth puddle been wondering Is it a good idea to have guns in our childrens school? Ive always hope that schools atomic number 18 the safest places in the world, until December 14, 2012, when 20 years old Adan Lanza fatally scape twenty children and 6 adult staff members at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Now, do you feel safe when leaving your child at school? and, would you agree in displace your children off to a place full of guns? David Thweatt, superintendent of schools in Harrold, Texas, described how his small rural partition implemented a plan to allow some staff members to carry concealed weapons in appendix to other security members. Mr. Thweatt emphasizes that they are at least half-hour away from closest law enforcement ofcials, they believe that they have done everything possible to protect their children. This plan is called The Guardian Plan. Many people phone that the w orld without guns would be a world at intermission, this people claim that they love their children enough to non want them to go to school prisons.Plenty of new issues can emerge while teachers carry guns, who is red ink to protect them if a teacher lose control? Different opinions say that having an armed staff of educators forget only increase the problem, they think that bad people are the problem and goernment should focus on create waitter and smarter solutions to respect bad people off to schools. According to teachers, they feel offended when psyche scoff the idea of a teacher being trained to use a rearm, they already have much to deal with, such a crowd control, conict resolution, and maintain order amidst chaos. Unfortunately, Mr. Thweatts is not very popular on educators However, a job as a teacher does not expect to be armed, they have enough responsibilities to in addition put the weight of carrying a rearm over their shoulders.These money may well be used to b uy books, pencils, electronic equipment, to keep classes that have been hang up due to lack of income, and some other needs that we all know most school have. On the other hand, the tragic situation in Sandy Hook Elementary has changed many peoples mind. Having a good guy adequately trained would be a great way to keep terrorist off schools and most important to keep children safe. As long as all the staff complicated had passed all different kind of tests, it should be an idea to considerate.We need immediate solutions, and since NRA will always set up our gun culture, and acquiring a gun has only became easier we need something that work, something that give us peace every time we leave our kids at school. The Guardian Plan may be our best bet to avoid, and be aware of catastrophic act of terrorist. At the same time that I believe guns against guns are only more death and danger, I also believe that we are not in a position to decline systematized plans that will keep our child ren protected. Many people might believe that the children would be life on the edge while being in a guns environment, for now, and until our society shows progress, I will be strongly agree with the idea of having schools prepared to any kind of terrorist attack.

Business ethics in different countries Essay

A Code of respectable motive is a melodic line or an makeups constitution applicable to each(prenominal) its activities and relationships. It should identify principal responsibilities its stockholders, sh atomic number 18holders, employees and communities. Its main function is to provide guidance in cases of clean dilemmas. M either corporations curb implemented codes of conduct that define unacceptable behavior and serve as a guideline for the suffice of ethical conduct. This is a step in the right direction, but it is not rich for an organization merely to have written codes of moral philosophy. M any(prenominal) broadsheet organizations are in any casetaking a more than pro participating position in the area of promoting the practice of ethical behavior. To reinforce the organizations values and standards, morals training programs should be held on a regular basis rather than universe a one-shot come. transaction morals should be practiced in every country ar ound the being. The united States, Hong Kong and Russia are several countries that will be mentioned that practice agate line morality.In The United States, business ethics is a topic that businesses are becoming more aware of. An article in USA straight off Magazine in January 1998,states, Companies are discovering the value of ethics. The discussion of ethics in the business world goes hand and hand with the term, profit. It was thought that the more ethical a business is, the little profitable it is the more profitable, the less ethical. In recent times, there is a positive relation between ethics and profit. morality serves as a foundation for the success of businesses. An ethical connection provides a moneymaking opportunity and pile be the source of a competitive advantage.Employee and customer theft is a major problem for businesses, as a shrinking on the job and declining work ethic. A culture in which drug evil certainly does not garter minimize the problem of t heft, businesses are ultimately forced to administer drug-screening tests. The expenses for the drug tests incur great costs for the businesses. Employees with the right values would not need to take the drug testing, olibanum the company would save money. Consequently, employers will try to hire employees who statistic all in ally are more likely to be honest. Ethical behavior is like a virtuous cycle between the customers, employees, and suppliers.As a company builds deposit, customers, employees and suppliers are less likely to act immorally. close to different benefit of ethical behavior is that it provides a dissolvent to what theorists call collective action problems. A way to tackle the problem is to provide incentive so that the cost-benefit ratio is reversed. In certain situations, production of goods or run requires a team effort so that the individual contribution of each team element cannot be isolated or measured. Any team member who acts in a purely self- elici t manner would free ride off the others. The benefits of group employment are optimized only when free riding does not take place. When team members or work associates are boundedby trust and respect a common value will be present.Another benefit of ethical behavior is that it preserves the social capital that makes a free securities industry mathematical. A market coexists with many other institutions in society, including the family, the church, and the political, criminal justice, and educational systems. Each of these institutions contributes toward making capitalism possible The court system enforces contracts the political system provides monetary stability and the educational system trains future employees and prepares them for the workforce. embodied misconduct raises the cost and reduces the amount of social capital.The more businesspeople try to avoid the terms of their agreement, the great the number of disputes that end up in court. Increased government activity adds to the cost of government. A market system needs moral capital as advantageously. If capitalism is to be successful, there moldiness be a widespread acceptance of certain moral norms, such as truth telling, and handsome unravel. As more and more people abandon these moral forms, the social capital that makes market activity possible, is broken, as stated by Norman Bowie.Bowie in any case states, America is obsessed with quarterly reports -one that forces managers to com kick on the short run, rather than the long run. If corporations took the moral point of view, they would focus on meeting the needs of their stakeholders and focus on providing secure work for their employees and quality products for customers. If this were done, profits would follow. American capital differs from the capitalism in other countries. Ethical behavior can lower costs, increase productivity, and preserve the social capital that makes capitalism possible. It is in the nations interest to ensure th at American capitalism is a leader in ethics as well as in product tuition.To help promote mutual understanding between the people of Hong Kong and external countries, as well as the development of business relationship, several major immaterial countries have constituted their own chamber of commerce. More recently, the ICAC and six chambers of commerce joined hands to boost integrated education as a way of increasing consciousness of ethics in business. The result was the unveiling of the Hong Kong morality Development centralize in 1994.Among those foreign chambers of commerce, the American bedroom of Commerce has been playacting an active role in promoting worker welfare and safety, and business ethics. The American Chamber of Commerce was an active participant in the establishment of the Hong Kong Ethics Development concentre. The American Chamber of Commerce is the only foreign chamber of commerce which incorporates the codes of conduct as part of their position pa per. Although the basis brief of Hong Kong Independent Commissions Against depravity (ICAC) is to fight corruption, it also helps firms devise codes of ethics. To those outside(a) firms with an attempt to set up their Codes of Conduct in Hong Kong, the ICAC provides some advice regarding the basic concepts and contents. Honesty, rightfulness and social responsibility must be included in the Codes of Conduct.A hold surveyed 197 second-year students who attended an international business course in an institution in Hong Kong, both at the beginning and the end of the term. Active learning close to business ethics displayed significant effects on later ethical reasoning and judgment. A proactive mystifying is that business students learned business ethics to a lesser extent than did other students. The relative ignorance of business students needs special concern for enhancing their awareness of business ethics.Although female students were significantly more ethical in exhibiting judgments than male students, they learned about business ethics to a lesser extent. Female students should be of particular concern for promoting their ethical development through and through business ethics education.Known as an amoral society, Hong Kong tends to be at risk for problems of business ethics. A reckon found that business students in Hong Kong were less ethical toward customers than Taiwanese and Japanese counterparts. With the help of The American Chamber of Commerce and the Hong Kong Ethics Development Center, the people of Hong Kong will be on their way to succeed in becoming a more ethical nation. Perhaps, the surveys taken in the future will show majuscule results from Hong Kongs ethical emoluments.The Hong Kong make up of Land giving medication has established their own code of ethics, which have 12 guidelines, which are as follows1.This Code is meant to ensure the original competence and integrity of all members in providing their services to the client or the general domain.2.Members should devote their utmost effort to become competent by devising and experience to perform services, which they are appointed to take. Furthermore, they have to constantly update and upgrade themselves in freshly developments, law and technologies to cope with the changing demand, practice and procedures, and Government policies.3.Members have a duty to contribute towards the improvement of professional standards and the training of their staff as well as any other people interested in the profession through career development, lectures or running courses, etc.4.Members shall endeavor to co-operate with other professionals, disciplines and individuals so as to achieve optimum results in respect of their tasks and assignments.5.Members should not take part in any business, malpractice or any act of misbehavior, which may cause an adverse effect on, or damage to the public image and reputation of the Institute.6.Members should not get affect in an y suspected or know illegal dealings especially in connection with their profession or duties. They have the obligation to extend justice in land administration and in providing their professional services.7.In the event of any controversies occurred between members of the Institute, the single Committees of the Council, or the full Council of the Institute should settle them either between themselves or without involving any non-member third party, distant bodies or the public media to safeguard the professional reputation of the Institute.8.Members should not publicly criticize their fellow members of the Institute without the explicit consent given and in a manner approved by the Chairman in Council Meeting.9.No member shall injure falsely or maliciously, directly or indirectly, the reputation, prospects or business of other members.10.Any member charged under the prevailing laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) in connection with his/her professional act ivities or duties whether or not involving the Institute shall report the occurrence forthwith to the Institute.11.Members must disclose to their employers or clients any personal or conflicting interest involved in the course of performing their duties or assignment. This also covers any benefit gained from a third party even not in breach of their professional responsibilities. If they are acting for their company, then any conflicting interest with other client(s) shall be disclosed to the client.12.Members must protect the privacy of any data provided by or belonging to their clients for the sake of professional integrity as well as compliance with the relevant legislation of the HKSAR.Internally, a Code of Ethics conveys to all staff a clear idea of the accepted conduct for achieving business goals. It also helps maintain undifferentiated standards of behavior throughout the company. Externally, the Code of Conduct enhances a companys reputation for fair and amenable dealing. It also strengthens Hong Kongs reputation as an international business center where honesty and fair play prevails. An effective Code of Conduct reduces costs and enhances profits because it reduces incidents of corruption fraud and other malpractices, it reduces conflict if interests situations, it enhances the trust of your customers, suppliers and contractors.It enhances the credibility of your buyers and salespersons it enhances the loyalty and goodwill of your employees and other stakeholders.Individual companies as well as the Hong Kong business biotic community stay fresh to enjoy a reputation of honesty and fair play. Another country that is practicing business ethics is Russia. Although many people still view Russia as a corrupt country it is trying to make grow in the business world as compared to Hong Kong and the United States.Corruption has become a way of animateness for Government officials in Russia. Bribe taking, in fact, is a widespread practice throughout the Russian bureaucracy. A number of U.S. and other Western businesses and businessmen routinely cover bribes to Russian Government officials in parliamentary law to conduct their businesses in Russia. Indeed, the most prevalent umbrage in Russia today is graft. Of those charged with graft and corruption in Russia in 1993, over forty-two part were Government officials and over twenty-five pct were law enforcement officers.Not only do Russian officials routinely accept and even demand bribes, they have also entered into an illicit partnership with organized crime and with clandestine business groups. Former Communist apparatchiks, who continue to work within the Russian bureaucracy, exploit previously made black-marketers relationships to profit in the new post-Revolutionary Russian system.Not only does the Mafia kill and steal in Russia, it does so in the United States as well. The Russian Mafia is increasingly engaged in crime in the West. Mafia members are involved in theft, ex tortion, money-laundering, gun-trafficking, drug running, prostitution, smuggling, loan sharking, contract killing and more. The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has established task forces to deal with the Russian Mafia in New York, Los Angeles, and Miami. Thus, U.S. businesses that pay bribes and protection money in Russia may be unintentionally financing Russian criminal activity back in the United States. Bribe-taking is standard practice among Russian Government officials, a fact of which the Yeltsin Administration is well aware. In 1994, the Yeltsin Government reported that cardinal to eighty percent of private businesses were paying extortion money to organized criminal gangs.Eighty percent of all U.S. businesses in Russia have bribed a Russian government official at least once. It is not singular for businesses in Russia to employ assassins in the collection of businessdebts. In 1993, organized crime controlled forty percent of the turnover in goods and services in Russia , according to the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Moreover, the growth of organized crime has severely hampered the growth of private small businesses in the Country. The success of Russian democracy represents a wakeless pillar of U.S. foreign policy.The U.S. Government spends millions of U.S. tax dollars to promote democratic and market, economic tames in Russia. Meanwhile, U.S. businesses and businessmen who pay bribes to Russian Government officials may be unwitting supporters of organized crime in Russia. More importantly, bribery of Russian Government officials undercuts efforts to create an open and democratic government in Russia. On the brighter side the Russian Government is taking action to control the ethical standards of the country.On November 8, 2000, the first Center for Business Ethics (CBE) in Russia was officially registered in St. Petersburg. The new Center evolved out of the private sector voluntary initiative, the contract bridge of impartiality in B usiness Conduct in St. Petersburg, supported by over 130 wind companies in the community.The Center for Business Ethics has two founding partners a US company self-governing Ventures, Inc. and a Russian firm Bronze Lion. The main counterpart of CBE is the Ethics Resource Center (ERC), headquartered in Washington DC, with over 50 years experience specializing in consulting businesses on corporate culture. The mission of the newborn organization is to institutionalize ethical business in St. Petersburg. CBE provides an anti-corruption toolbox for businesses from ever industry direct in the region. Members of the new Center can obtain the following services assistance in development a companys code of conduct, advice on the effective ways of repudiation of bribery, hints on fair tax payment, development of ethics training programs for employees, publicity for ethical leadership, raising issues connected with business ethics a given industry branch. They can also network with other e thical businesses and thereby find natural partners for growth.The Center for Business Ethics is a response to demand from local andgovernment business leaders who founded the Declaration of Integrity for a non-profit organization that could sustain a variety of new programs intentional to create a culture of ethics compliance in St. Petersburg. says Matthew Murray, President of Sovereign Ventures, Inc., who will also serve as the first President of the Board of CBE.The team of business ethics experts work for the Center consists of several Russian attorneys, a senior accountant and a journalist. They have been professionally trained by in the US at the Ethics Resource Center or other organizations in international practices of business ethics. The 6 experts include Anna Ossipova (director), Anton Andreyev (ethics consultant), Elena Fedyushina (ethics consultant), Alina Mitzkevich (ethics consultant), Natalya Clark (PR manager), Oksana Trofimova (senior accountant).The first proj ect launched by the Center for Business Ethics is an Island of Integrity designed to promote open tenders in the construction business and attract further investment to St. Petersburg. It has been less than one week since our Center was opened, and the Open Society (Soros) Foundation has offered CBE a grant for the Island of Integrity. announce Anna Ossipova, Director of CBE- It shows that the momentum behind voluntary initiatives to undertake honest business is growing.The Saint Petersburg Ethics Center proposed the development of the St. Petersburg Ethics Center (SPEC). The organizations mission will be to help cultivate the social capital or core values. SPEC will create the institutional cloth to ensure sustainability of business ethics initiatives in the city. It will locally develop and retain important skills and capacities. The organization will serve as the legal framework to raise local and international funds in support of its programs. It will become a resource for th e community at large, and the champion of the ethics dialog in St. Petersburg.Specifically, SPEC will initially undertake a variety of proactive business ethics and anti-corruption initiatives and programs such as Promoting the declaration of integrity providing training, education and technical assistance fostering dialogue about ethics education at the university and professional levels assisting professional and tradeassociations to develop codes of conduct, ethics programs and enforcement infrastructure for their membership. early(a) programs include increasing awareness about corruption and the strategies to fight it identifying concrete steps to encourage public-sector reform and conduct research and generate new learning. The new learning generated through these activities will then pronounce the work of SPEC through the creation of culturally relevant approaches and strategies for the other programs of the organization.Government corruption in Russia is a historical burde n on economic and political modernization. Russia must find its own racetrack to root out corruption, using the multitude of positive values and ethical traditions found in Russian culture. They are beginning a long-term process to integrate their strong moral traditions with international standards of business ethics. The present project is designed to sustain these accomplishments by developing and launching SPEC to institutionalize ethical business practices between businesses and government officials in ST. Petersburg and other regions of Russia.1 Shrinking occurs when an employee or customer steals from a company in which they work or shop, and the outcome is less profit and shortage in inventory.2 A Collective action problem occurs when an obvious public good cannot be achieved because it is not in the self-interest of any individual who is part of the problem to take steps to resolve it.3In Hong Kong, there are the American Chamber of Commerce, the Australian Chamber of Comm erce, the British Chamber of Commerce, and the Canadian Chamber of Commerce.4According to an article world-wide Business Ethics Hong Kong from Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business5 According to an article International Business Ethics Hong Kong fromJoseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business6 College scholar daybook. December 1999. 1999 Project Innovation (Alabama)7 College Student Journal, December 1999. In Ikels, C 1989. Becoming a human being in theory and practice Chinese views of human development. In D.I. Kertzer & K.W. Schaie (Eds.), Age Structuring in comparative perspective (pp.109-134). Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum8College Student Journal, December 1999. In Nyaw, M.K., & Ng, I. (1994). A Comparative Analysis of Ethical Beliefs A Four Country Study. Journal of Business Ethics, 13, 543-555.As stated in Corporate Code of ConductAs stated in Corporate Code of ConductTo Whom Belongs Power in Russia? Ministry of Thieves-in-Law An Attempt at Breaking into Politics, Iz vestia, July 20, 1994, at 1, 5 hereinafter Izvestia.George Nikides, Journalists Hit TV Mafiya, Moscow Times, Oct. 5, 1994, at 10. While virtually all activities were controlled by the Government in the former Soviet Union, there are now a large number of government officials working in what is now the private sector. Id. As the Author notesSee To Whom Belongs Power in Russia?, supra note 4, at 1, 5 Money Talks, supra note 8, at 10. Stephen Handleman, Comrade Criminal 55-56 (1995).Daniel Klaidman, How To Police an Ex-Police State, legal Times, July 11, 1994, at 12.Leonid Bershidsky, Aids Say State Loans Still Open to Bribery, Moscow Times, July 13, 1994, at 1-2. Officials in the Yeltsin Administration admitted that bribes often determine who and what organizations get government loans andassistance. Id.U.S. Business and the Russian MobAs stated in Defense Industry Initiative on business ethics and conductAs stated in the Ethics Resource Center